Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers, playing a fundamental role in the proper conduction of electrical impulses in the nervous system. Alterations in myelin are associated with a wide range of neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, leukodystrophies, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, developing non-invasive methods to assess myelin in vivo is essential for both clinical diagnosis and research.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers unique possibilities to study myelin, but the accuracy and sensitivity of myelin imaging depend strongly on the magnetic field strength. In this session, we will explore different MRI-based strategies to assess myelin content and structure, comparing the advantages and limitations of low versus high magnetic fields. Particular attention will be given to the biophysical mechanisms underlying myelin contrast, as well as to the translational potential of these approaches in both preclinical and clinical settings.